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TOPIC:
POVERTY IN INDIA HAS DECLINED OVER THE LAST DECADE BUT NOT AS MUCH AS PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT
ABSTRACT
The last expenditure survey released by India’s National
Sample Survey organization dates back to 2011, which is
when India last released official estimates of poverty and
inequality. This paper sheds light on how poverty and
inequality have evolved since 2011 using a new household
panel survey, the Consumer Pyramids Household Survey
conducted by a private data company. The results show
that: (1) extreme poverty is 12.3 percentage points lower
in 2019 than in 2011, with greater poverty reductions in
rural areas; (2) urban poverty rose by 2 percentage points
in 2016 (coinciding with the demonetization event) and
rural poverty reduction stalled by 2019 (coinciding with
a slowdown in the economy); (3) poverty is estimated to
be considerably higher than earlier projections based on
consumption growth observed in national accounts; and (4)
consumption inequality in India has moderated since 2011.