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TOPIC:
Holdup: Investment Dynamics, Bargaining and Gradualism
ABSTRACT
This paper examines holdup in a dynamic framework, that allows one to study the role of gradualism in resolving holdup. We find that the analysis critically depends on whether the investments by the buyer and the seller are substitutes, or complements. In case the investments are substitutes, `efficiency' may require gradualism whenever individual rationality fails. In case the investments are complements, there is no role for gradualism. In case only one of the agents can invest, then `asymptotic eciency' obtains unconditionally, i.e. irrespective of whether individual rationality holds, or not. We extend the literature by showing that, with one sided/complementary investments, holdup can be resolved even when individual rationality fails.